The recent financial turmoil has stimulated a rich debate in banking and financial literature on the identification of systemic risk determinants and devices to forecast and prevent crises. This paper explores the contribution of corporate variables to systemic risk using the CoVaR approach (Adrian and Brunnermeier, 2016). Using balanced panel data on 141 European banks from 24 countries, which were listed from 2006Q1 to 2012Q4, we investigated the impact of corporate variables during the three regimes that characterised the European banking sector–the subprime crisis (2007Q3-2008Q3), the European Great Financial Depression (2008Q4-2010Q2), and the sovereign debt crisis (2010Q3-2012Q4). Our results show that size did not play a significant role in spreading systemic risk, while maturity mismatch did. However, the nature and intensity of these two determinants varied across the three regimes.
This paper discusses some empirical aspects related to the influence of public spending on economic growth. From a theoretical point of view, recent argument in favour of the relevant relationship between public expenditure and long-run economic growth impinges on the inclusion of fiscal policies into the endogenous growth models. Economic theory suggests several mechanisms through which government activity can affect growth, following linear and non-linear trends. The first part of this paper offers an empirical literature review on the relationship between the size of government and economic growth and shows how empirical findings follow a contrasting pattern. The second part focuses on the more recent strand of the empirical literature that attempts to evaluate the influence of a functional breakdown of public spending on economic growth.
This paper tries to prove that a decision theory in economics cannot ignore the crucial role played by the intuitive mind, through the knowledge and representation-review of beliefs. Considering the cognitivist paradigm, we veer away from the traditional approach, which does not give due importance to the construction of the context of the decision and the discovery-formation of alternative strategies. The journey of this paper places knowledge-representation and the relationship between individual rationality and the collective balance with beliefs understood as a vehicle for information. All this is backed by the availability of new logical and mathematical tools that can help us analyse the models of reasoning of the players in a more accurate way.
Background/aim: Expenditure on the workforce is the largest single item of cost in European healthcare systems. In order to meet increasing demand and to comply with budgetary constraints, many countries are using the wider healthcare team to deliver roles previously the preserve of the physician. This could affect the perceived quality of care, health outcomes, waiting times and patient satisfaction. As part of a large program of work to explore the costs and effects of this approach, the aim of this paper is to describe patients’ experiences of and satisfaction with the care they received in nine different European countries (Czech Republic, England, Germany, Italy, Netherland’s, Norway, Poland, Scotland, Turkey).