RIVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI SCIENZE SOCIALI

This paper analyses the evolution of the Bolivian vehicle stock in the medium term, as well as policy implications. First, we analyse the relationship between income and vehicle ownership in Bolivia during the 1970-2017 period, using robust econometric techniques. Based on these results, we use an energy-mix accounting model in GAMS to analyse how the vehicle fleet and the associated demand for gasoline, natural gas and diesel oil evolved over time.  Our results show that the relationship between vehicle ownership and per capita income is highly non-linear, with a strong increase in the vehicle fleet over the last decade. Without an energy policy or any energy-efficiency measures  for the transport sector, the consumption of derivatives is expected to increase by 6.9 times and the total emissions of CO2eq are expected increase by 7.93 times in the 2000-2035 period.

This article provides an overview of the sociophysics gravitational model, tracing its origins back to Newtonian principles and emphasizing the significant contribution of physics to our understanding of the social sciences. Subsequently, it explores the application of gravity within the spatial dimension, emphasizing its relevance within this context. The study encompasses contemporary applications in various fields, including economics and migration  studies. Additionally, it specifically addresses the interpretation of both tangible and intangible flows through the lens of gravitational application. This examination highlights the interdisciplinary potential of sociophysics in unraveling  intricate social systems, demonstrating how physics sheds light on complex social phenomena. In conclusion, it evaluates the recent emergence of intangible goods and their roles within markets and services, underscoring the  evolving dynamics of economic systems.

This paper offers a normative approach to fairness in economics and labour markets by drawing from the perspectives of justice laid out by John Rawls and Amartya Sen. The concept of flexicurity is introduced, and a case is made for fair labour markets where people can engage in exchanges and obtain profits that are reciprocal and fair for all participants. Boundaries are set between the principles of efficiency and security to guarantee the interests of all  stakeholders, current and future, both inside and outside the market, including the environment. Key components of labour markets must be monitored to assess their degree of fairness.

TARGETTI LENTI R. Silvio Beretta, Axel Berkofsky, Giuseppe Iannini (editors) India’s Foreign Policy and Economic Challenges, Friends, Enemies and Controversies, Cham, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023